The present invention relates to a quick scanning method for a residual error matrix in video coding process, which belongs to the field of video coding in signal processing. The method comprises: storing elements in a two dimension residual error matrix to a one-dimension serial according to a preset mapping way; extracting the lots of residual error elements gradually and orderly from the one-dimension serial, computing a level value, a map value and a run value of each residual error element, and storing them respectively. In the process of scanning the residual error matrix, the invention can parallelizably and effectively read the residual error element, accomplish parallelizably data computing and information extracting, and can quickly obtain the required scanning results, thereby, the invention greatly reduces the time cost in whole scanning process, enhances the coding rate of a coder, and facilitates the realization of real-time encoding under high distinguishability.